Cook the linguine according to package instructions in a large pot of salted boiling water. Drain and set aside, reserving 1/2 cup of pasta water.
In a large bowl, combine ground beef, 1/4 cup grated Parmesan cheese, breadcrumbs, egg, minced garlic, Italian seasoning, salt, and black pepper. Mix until well combined.
Form the mixture into meatballs, about 1 inch in diameter.
In a large skillet over medium heat, melt the butter. Add the meatballs and cook until browned on all sides, about 8-10 minutes.
Once the meatballs are cooked through, remove them from the skillet and set aside.
In the same skillet, add chicken broth and heavy cream, stirring to combine. Bring to a simmer and add 1/2 cup grated Parmesan cheese, stirring until melted and smooth.
Return the meatballs to the skillet, coating them in the sauce. If the sauce is too thick, add reserved pasta water a little at a time until desired consistency is reached.
Add the cooked linguine to the skillet, tossing to combine with the meatballs and sauce.
Garnish with fresh parsley and additional Parmesan cheese before serving.