Cook the linguine according to package instructions until al dente. Drain and set aside.
In a large skillet over medium heat, melt the butter. Add the minced garlic and sauté for about 1 minute until fragrant.
Add the chicken pieces to the skillet and season with smoked paprika, chili powder, salt, black pepper, and cayenne pepper (if using). Cook for about 5-7 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the chicken is browned and cooked through.
Pour in the chicken broth and bring to a simmer. Let it cook for an additional 2-3 minutes to allow the flavors to meld.
Stir in the cooked linguine, chopped parsley, and lemon juice. Toss everything together until the pasta is well coated with the sauce.
Serve immediately, topped with grated Parmesan cheese.